Penicillins / beta-lactamase inhibitors

Beta-lactamase inhibitors are agents that enhance the effectiveness of beta-lactam antibiotics against bacteria producing beta-lactamases by causing irreversible inhibition of these enzymes.

β-Lactamase inhibitor

Clavulanic acid.
Sulbactam.
Tazobactam.
Avibactam.
Durlobactam.
Relebactam.
Vaborbactam.
Enmetazobactam.

An antibiotic agent used for the treatment of beta-hemolytic streptococcal and pneumococcal infections as well as staphylococcal infections. A penicillin used to treat penicillinase-producing bacterial infections that are susceptible to the drug.

β-Lactam antibiotics (beta-lactam antibiotics) are antibiotics that contain a β-lactam ring in their chemical structure. This includes penicillin derivatives (penams), cephalosporins and cephamycins (cephems), monobactams, carbapenems and carbacephems.

Class A includes extended-spectrum BLs (ESBLs) and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs), class B includes the MBLs (NDM, IMP, and VIM), class C includes AmpC, and class D includes the oxacillinases (OXAs).

Broad-spectrum penicillins include the β-lactam/β-lactam-inhibitor combinations piperacillin-tazobactam, ticarcillin-clavulanate, and ampicillin-sulbactam.

Narrow spectrum β-lactamase sensitive penicillins, penicillin G and penicillin V, are the drugs of choice for pneumococci, streptococci, meningococci, and gonococci. Many spirochetes, such as Treponema pallidum, clostridial organisms, and Bacteroides, with the exception of Bacteroides fragilis, are also sensitive.