What are Allergenics?
Allergenics are used for allergen immunotherapy to decrease the immune response to allergens. The allergenic is administered to the patient as an injection or sublingually in increasing doses with the treatment plan taking three to five years.
Some of the novel routes of allergen immunotherapy to be discussed in this review include:
sublingual – extract is placed under the tongue.
oral – extract is swallowed.
intranasal – extract is applied to the nasal mucosa.
epicutaneous – extract is applied in patch form to the skin.
Immunotherapy is a preventive treatment for allergic reactions to substances such as grass pollens, house dust mites and bee venom. Immunotherapy involves giving gradually increasing doses of the substance, or allergen, to which the person is allergic.
The mechanisms of action of allergen-specific immunotherapy include the very early desensitization effects, modulation of T-and B-cell responses and related antibody isotypes, and migration of eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells to tissues, as well as release of their mediators.