Miscellaneous analgesics - Drugonomy™ https://drugonomy.com Trusted source for drug knowledge Sat, 27 Sep 2025 09:00:50 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=7.0.1 https://drugonomy.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Drugs-EMRC21-1-150x150.png Miscellaneous analgesics - Drugonomy™ https://drugonomy.com 32 32 Journavx https://drugonomy.com/2025/09/27/journavx/ https://drugonomy.com/2025/09/27/journavx/#respond Sat, 27 Sep 2025 09:00:49 +0000 https://medicine-21.com/Drugs/?p=7647 Pronunciation: jor na vix
Generic name: suzetrigine
Dosage form: tablet (50 mg)
Drug class: Miscellaneous analgesics 

What is Journavx?

Journavx (suzetrigine) is a new non-opioid pain-relieving tablet used to treat short-term (acute) moderate to severe pain. Journavx is a sodium channel blocker that relieves pain by blocking pain-sensing nerves around the body from transmitting pain messages to the spinal cord and brain. Since it does not affect the brain, is expected to have no addictive potential, unlike other pain treatments such as opioids.

Journavx’s mechanism of action is by selectively blocking NaV1.8, a sodium channel on pain-sensing nerve cells (neurons), this inhibits pain signals going to the spinal cord and brain. 

Journavx (suzetrigine) tablets are taken twice daily, every 12 hours after the first dose.

Journavx FDA approval was received on January 30, 2025, for treating moderate to severe acute pain in adults. This approval was based on positive results from Phase 3 clinical trials (VX21-548-101 and VX21-548-102), which showed that it effectively reduced acute pain for 48 hours after surgery.

How effective is Journavx?

In Phase 3 clinical trials, Journavx painkillers were more effective than a placebo in reducing pain and improving pain intensity for 48 hours after surgery (abdominoplasty and bunion removal). Pain levels were measured using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and the Sum of Pain-Intensity Difference over 48 hours (SPID48). Higher SPID48 and NPRS values indicated greater pain relief. Results of clinical trials showed:

  • Statistically and clinically meaningful improvements in pain intensity and pain reduction in baseline compared to placebo (an inactive pill).
  • Abdominoplasty: Journavx 118.4 (LSM* SPID48) compared to 70.1 (LSM SPID48) placebo. The difference between Journavx and placebo was 48.4 (LSM SPID48)
  • Bunion removal: Journavx 99.9 (LSM SPID48) compared to placebo 70.6 ((LSM SPID48). The difference between Journavx and placebo was 29.3 (LSM SPID48)
  • The median time to meaningful pain relief was reported as 2 hours for abdominoplasty and 4 hours for bunion removal compared with 8 hours for placebo.

*LSM = Least squares mean

Journavx side effects

Journavx side effects include:

  • Itching (2.1%) 
  • Muscle spasms (1.3%)  
  • Increased blood level of creatine phosphokinase (0.5%) 
  • Rash (0.5%)

The above side effects occurred in 1% or more Journavx patients in Trials 1 and 2 (pooled data). 

Nausea and vomiting side effects 

  • Journavx treated patients (20% Trial 1, 9% Trial 2)
  • Placebo-treated patients (25% Trial 1, 12% Trial 2)

Fertility

  • This medicine may temporarily reduce the chance of females becoming pregnant while taking this medicine. Talk to your healthcare provider if you have concerns about becoming pregnant. If you are using contraceptives, you should continue to use contraceptives during treatment with Journavx.
  • Hormonal birth control (contraceptives) containing progestins other than levonorgestrel or norethindrone may not work as well while taking Journavx.
     

This is not a complete list of side effects, and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA .

Warnings

Liver impairment:

  • These tablets should not be used if you have severe hepatic impairment ((Child-Pugh Class C).
  • This medicine may increase the risk of side effects if you have moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class B) compared to patients with normal liver function.

Strong inhibitors of CYP3A: 

  • Journavx should not be taken with medicines that are strong inhibitors of CYP3A due to a drug interaction. Ask your healthcare provider or prescriber to check if you are not sure. 

Substrates of the CYP3A enzyme

  • Medicines that are substrates of the CYP3A enzyme may become less effective during treatment with Journavx and your prescriber may need to adjust the dose of your medicine when starting or stopping Journavx.

Contraception: 

  • Hormonal birth control (contraceptives) containing progestins other than levonorgestrel or norethindrone may not work as well while taking Journavx. you should use an additional nonhormonal contraceptive method or an alternative hormonal contraceptive during concomitant use and for 28 days after Journavx discontinuation.

Before taking this medicine

Before taking this medicine tell your doctor or prescriber about all of your medical conditions, including if you: 

  • have liver problems. This medicine should not be used if you have severe liver impairment, or may cause side effects if you have moderate liver impairment. People with liver problems may have an increased risk of getting side effects from taking this medicine. 

Pregnancy

Tell your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant as it is not known if this medicine will harm your unborn baby. You and your healthcare provider should decide if you will take these tablets while you are pregnant.

Hormonal birth control (contraceptives) containing progestins other than levonorgestrel or norethindrone may not work as well while taking Journavx. You should also use nonhormonal contraceptives such as condoms or other forms of hormonal birth control during treatment with this medicine and for 28 days after you stop taking Journavx.

Breastfeeding

 Tell your healthcare provider if you are breastfeeding or planning to breastfeed as it is not known if Journavx passes into your breast milk. You and your healthcare provider should decide if you will take this medicine while you are breastfeeding. 

How should I take Journavx?

  • Swallow Journavx tablets whole, do not chew or crush the tablets. 
  • Your first dose is usually 100mg taken on an empty stomach (1 hour before food or 2 hours after food). You may drink clear liquids during this time such as water, vegetable broth, tea, black coffee, or apple juice.
  • The usual maintenance dose is 12 hours after your starting dose, take 50 mg tablet every 12 hours, with or without food.
  • Your dose may be modified if you have liver impairment or if you are on certain medications
  • It is best to use this medicine for the shortest possible time.

Journavx Dose information

Usual initial dose: 100mg on an empty stomach (1 hour before food or 2 hours after food).

Usual maintenance dose: 50mg every 12 hours, starting 12 hours after the initial dose.

Dose modification: according to liver impairment or medication interactions.

Journavx is available as: 50mg tablet.

What happens if I miss a dose?

 If you miss a dose of Journavx and you: 

  • do not have liver problems or take certain other medicines:
    • Take the missed dose as soon as possible, then take your next scheduled dose at your recommended time.
    •  If you miss 2 or more doses of Journavx, take 2 tablets, then take your next scheduled dose at your recommended time. 
  • have liver problems or are taking moderate inhibitors of an enzyme called CYP3A:
    • Take the missed dose as soon as possible.
    • If you took the missed dose and your next scheduled dose is within 6 hours, skip that dose and take your next scheduled dose at your recommended time.

If you are not sure about your dosing, check with your healthcare provider or pharmacist.

What happens if I overdose?

If you take too much of this medicine, call your healthcare provider or Poison Help line or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away. 

What should I avoid while taking this medicine?

Avoid consuming food or drinks that contain grapefruit.

What other drugs will affect Journavx?

Tell your healthcare provider or prescriber about all of the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Taking Journavx with other medicines may affect how this medicine works and the way other medicines work, and may also increase your risk of side effects. 

Strong and Moderate CYP3A inhibitors: 

  • Using Journavx with strong CYP3A inhibitors is contraindicated. 
  • Reduce the Journavx dose when used concomitantly with moderate CYP3A inhibitors. 
  • Avoid food or drink containing grapefruit. 

Strong and Moderate CYP3A inducers: 

  • Avoid using this medicine with strong or moderate CYP3A inducers. 

CYP3A substrates:

  • If Journavx is used together with sensitive CYP3A substrates or CYP3A substrates where minimal concentration changes may lead to loss of efficacy, then you should refer to the Prescribing Information for the CYP3A substrates for dosing instructions. Dosage modification of the concomitant CYP3A substrates may be required when initiating or discontinuing Journavx.
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Paracetamol https://drugonomy.com/2025/08/30/paracetamol-2/ https://drugonomy.com/2025/08/30/paracetamol-2/#respond Sat, 30 Aug 2025 20:11:31 +0000 https://medicine-21.com/Drugs/?p=3874 Generic name: paracetamol
Other brand names of paracetamol include: Panadol, Calpol, Tylenol, Alvedon
Dosage form: effervescent tablet, intravenous (infusion) injection, orally disintegrating tablet, oral capsule, oral powder, oral suspension, oral tablet, suppository
Drug class: Miscellaneous analgesics 

What is paracetamol?

Paracetamol (Panadol, Calpol, Alvedon) is an analgesic and antipyretic drug that is used to temporarily relieve mild-to-moderate pain and fever. It is commonly included as an ingredient in cold and flu medications and is also used on its own.

Paracetamol is exactly the same drug as acetaminophen (Tylenol). Paracetamol is the drug’s name assigned using the International Nonproprietary Name (INN) generic name system. Paracetamol is the name used for the drug in places such as Europe, Australia, New Zealand and India. Acetaminophen is the generic name assigned using the United States Adopted Names (USAN) system. Acetaminophen is the name used in countries such as the US, Canada and Japan. Usually the INN and USAN generic names for a drug are the same and don’t differ between countries.

It is not clear exactly how paracetamol works. However, it is thought to work by blocking chemical messengers in the brain that let us know when we’re in pain and by affecting the chemical messengers that regulate our body temperature. The evidence suggests that paracetamol inhibits the production of prostaglandins, which are made by the body to deal with illness and injury. It’s also thought to act on the serotonergic, opioid, nitric oxide and cannabinoid pathways.

Paracetamol was first made in 1878, but only became more widely used in the 1950s. Today paracetamol is one of the most widely used painkillers in the world. Branded and generic versions of this drug are available.

What is paracetamol used for?

Paracetamol is available over-the-counter (OTC) and also as a prescription medication. It is used for the relief of:

  • Headache
  • Tension headache
  • Migraine
  • Backache
  • Rheumatic and muscle pain
  • Mild arthritis/osteoarthritis
  • Toothache
  • Period pain (dysmenorrhea)
  • Colds and flu symptoms
  • Sore throat
  • Sinus pain
  • Post-operative pain
  • Fever (pyrexia)

Important information

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is found in many different OTC cold and flu medications. Do not take paracetamol if you are taking any other prescription or non-prescription medications containing paracetamol or acetaminophen.

Who should not take paracetamol?

Do not take medications containing paracetamol if you are allergic to it or any of the other ingredients in the paracetamol product you are taking.

What should I tell my doctor before taking paracetamol?

Before you take paracetamol, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including:

  • if you suffer from mild arthritis and need to take pain relief every day
  • have liver or kidney problems
  • are underweight or malnourished
  • regularly drink alcohol. You may be more open to the side effects of paracetamol if you drink large amounts of alcohol.
  • have a severe infection as this may increase you risk of metabolic acidosis. Signs of metabolic acidosis include:
    • deep, rapid, difficult breathing
    • feeling sick (nausea)
    • being sick (vomiting)
    • loss of appetite
      Contact your doctor immediately if you get a combination of these symptoms. You may need to avoid or limit paracetamol.
  • have glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase deficiency (enzyme deficiency)
  • suffer from asthma and are sensitive to aspirin
  • have hemolytic anemia (abnormal breakdown of red blood cells)

How should I take paracetamol?

  • Always use exactly as your doctor or pharmacist tells you to
  • Always read the instructions on your medication before taking it
  • Do not take more than the recommended dose. Check the instructions for the paracetamol product you have. The strength and recommended dose among for different paracetamol-containing products.
  • Paracetamol may be taken every 4 to 6 hours. Leave at least 4 hours between doses.
  • Do not take more than four doses in 24 hours.
  • Do not take for more than 3 days, unless your doctor tells you to
  • Contact your healthcare professional if your symptoms get worse or do not improve

Paracetamol 500mg tablets and capsules

  • Swallow tablets or capsules whole with a glass of water
AgeHow muchHow often (in 24 hrs)
10 to 15 years1 TabletUp to 4 times
Adults and children 16 years and over1 to 2 TabletsUp to 4 times 

Paracetamol 120 mg/5 ml, 250 mg/5 ml oral suspension

  • Always use the oral syringe or measuring spoon that comes with your paracetamol suspension to make sure you are giving the correct dose. The recommended dose will depend on your child’s age and weight.
  • Shake the bottle for 10 seconds then remove the cap
  • Insert the syringe and draw up the recommended dose
  • Place the syringe inside the child’s mouth against the inside of their cheek and press the plunger slowly to release the medicine
  • Replace the cap on the paracetamol bottle and wash and dry the syringe
AgeHow muchHow often (in 24 hours)
2-3 months2.5ml*Up to 2 doses
3-6 months2.5 mlUp to 4 times
6-24 months5 mlUp to 4 times
2-4 years7.5 ml (5 ml + 2.5 ml)Up to 4 times
4-6 years10 ml (5 ml + 5 ml)Up to 4 times

* Only for use of relief of fever after the 2 month immunizations in children weighing more than 4 kg who were born after 37 weeks. If your child still has a fever after 2 doses consult your doctor.

AgeHow muchHow often (in 24 hours)
6 to 8 years5 mlUp to 4 times
8 to 10 years7.5 ml (5 ml + 2.5 ml)Up to 4 times
10 to 12 years10 ml (5 ml + 5 ml)Up to 4 times
12 to 16 years10 to 15 mlUp to 4 times
Adults and children over 16 years10 to 20 mlUp to 4 times

Paracetamol 60 mg, 125 mg and 250 mg suppositories

  • Your child’s bowels need to be empty when you give them this medication. If they need to go to the toilet, make sure they do this before you give then a suppository.
  • Position your child lying on their front or side on a bed to administer the suppositories. Or select another position that is comfortable for your child.
  • Wash your hands and unwrap the suppository, taking care not to break it
  • Gently push the pointed end of the suppository into your child’s rectum (back passage), then wash your hands
  • Try and keep your child still for 1 to 2 minutes. Add a second suppository if another one is required. Wash your hands.
  • Try and keep your child still for another 1 to 2 minutes after the full dose is administered
AgeHow much#How often (in 24 hours)
Infants under 3 months1 x 60 mg SuppositoryOnce*
3 months to 1 year1 to 2 x 60 mg SuppositoriesUp to 4 times
1 to 5 years1 to 2 x 125 mg SuppositoriesUp to 4 times
6 to 12 years1 to 2 x 250 mg SuppositoriesUp to 4 times

#Check with your doctor or pharmacist about the correct dose for your child, which will be based on their age and weight. Do not guess the dose.

*One dose can be given to babies who develop a fever after their immunizations at 2 months of age. Otherwise do not use in babies less than 3 months old unless your doctor tells you to.

Paracetamol 650 mg oral powder

  • Check the sachet is not broken before use
  • Empty the content of 1 sachet into a glass. Fill with freshly boiled water and stir under dissolved
  • Allow the solution to cool and then drink it
  • Adults and children aged 12 years and over can take 1 sachet every 4 hours if required. Do not take more than 4 sachets in 24 hours.
  • Do not give to children under 12 years of age.

Paracetamol 250 mg orally disintegrating tablets

  • Remove the orally disintegrating tablet from the foil using your fingernail, pressing along the dotted line before pressing it out
  • Tablets can be sucked gently on the tongue until they melt into a paste which is easily swallowed
  • Tablets can also be dissolved in water or milk if preferred
AgeHow muchHow often (in 24 hrs)
6 to 9 years1 TabletUp to 4 times
9 to 12 years2 TabletsUp to 4 times
12 to 16 years2 to 3 TabletsUp to 4 times
Adults and children over 16 years2 to 4 TabletsUp to 4 times

Paracetamol 500 mg effervescents tablets

  • Place the paracetamol effervescent tablet(s) in a full glass of water and allow to dissolve completed before swallowing
AgeHow muchHow often (in 24 hrs)
12* to 15 years
(41 to 50 kg)
1 TabletUp to 4 times
16 to 18 years
(50 kg+)
Same as adults 
Adults1 to 2 TabletsUp to 4 times#

* Do not give to children younger than 12 years old.

#Maximum 2 tablets per dose. Maximum 8 tablets in 24 hours.

Paracetamol 10 mg/ml solution for infusion

  • This form of paracetamol comes in vials and is administered via intravenous (IV) infusion – an injection in your arm – over 15 minutes.
  • The dose you need will depend on your age and weight and how well your kidneys work. Your healthcare provider will work out the dose you need.

What happens if I miss a dose?

If you miss a dose of paracetamol, give the next dose when needed as long as it’s been more than 4 hours since your last dose. Do not give a double dose or exceed the maximum daily dose.

What happens if I overdose?

If you or your child takes too much paracetamol, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away (1-800 222-1222). Quick medical attention is critical for adults and children even if they seem well.

Paracetamol can caused delayed, serious liver damage. There may be no symptoms of overdose during the first 24 hours although paleness, nausea, sweating, vomiting, loss of appetite and abdominal pain may occur.

Dosing information

See “How should I take paracetamol?” above for information about paracetamol dosing. For further details read the full prescribing information.

What are the side effects of paracetamol?

Serious side effects of paracetamol include:

  • Allergic reactions, which may be severe and include:
    • Skin rashes, itching or hives
    • Swelling of the throat, tongue or face
    • Shortness of breath or wheezing
  • Skin rash or peeling, or mouth ulcers
  • Breathing problems. This is more likely if you have experienced them before when taking other painkillers such as ibuprofen and aspirin
  • Unexplained bruising or bleeding or becoming unusually tired. Getting more infections than usual.
  • Liver problems. Nausea, sudden weight loss, loss of appetite and yellowing of the eyes and skin can occur

    If you get any of the rare side effects listed above, stop taking the medicine and contact your doctor immediately.

Common side effect of paracetamol suppositories include:

  • Redness or soreness in or around the rectum

Everyday, long-term use (several months or more) of paracetamol can cause liver or kidney damage. People taking this medication in the usual way for shorter periods of time have not had these problems.

These are not all of the possible side effects of this medication.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.

Interactions

Tell your doctor or pharmacist about all the medicines you take, including prescription and OTC medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements before taking this medication. Especially tell your doctor if you take:

  • Blood thinning medications (anticoagulants) such as warfarin and you need to take a pain reliever daily. Occasional doses of paracetamol can be taken with anticoagulants
  • Medications to help relieve nausea (metoclopramide or domperidone)
  • Medications to treat high cholesterol (cholestyramine)
  • Medications to treat epilepsy (lamotrigine)
  • Medications to treat tuberculosis (isoniazide)
  • Medication to treat fever or mild pain (aspirin, salicylamide)
  • Barbiturate and tricyclic antidepressants to treat depression (amitriptyline)
  • A medication to treat gout called probenecid
  • A medication used to treat bacterial infections called chloramphenicol
  • A medication used in HIV infections and AIDS called zidovudine
  • Flucloxacillin (antibiotic), due to a serious risk of blood and fluid abnormality (high anion gap metabolic acidosis) that must have urgent treatment, and which may occur particularly in case of severe renal impairment, sepsis (when bacteria and their toxins circulate in the blood leading to organ damage), malnutrition, chronic alcoholism, and if the maximum daily doses of paracetamol are used.

Paracetamol may affect the results of laboratory tests for uric acid and blood sugar levels.

Paracetamol can be taken with oral contraceptives, but it may not work as well to lower your pain or fever.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

Tell your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. If necessary, paracetamol can be used during pregnancy. Paracetamol can be taken if you are breastfeeding. Small amounts of paracetamol pass into breast milk.

Use the lowest possible dose that reduces your pain and/or fever and use it for the shorted time possible. Contact your doctor or midwife if the pain and/or fever are not reduced or if you need to take this medicine more often.

Storage

  • Keep out of sight and reach of children
  • Do not use the medicine after the expiry date
  • Store below 77°F (25°C) unless instructed otherwise
  • Store paracetamol suppositories in a cool, dry place below 77°F (25°C) and out of direct sunlight
  • Store paracetamol effervescent tablets below 86 7°F (30°C). Use within 1 month of first opening the tube. Do not use the effervescent tablets if you notice visible signs of deterioration, such as brown or black spots on the tablets, or bulging or discolored tablets.
  • Store paracetamol solution for infusion below 86 7°F (30°C). Do not refrigerate or freeze. Store in the original package and protect from light.

What are the ingredients in paracetamol?

Active ingredient: paracetamol

Inactive ingredients:

Inactive ingredients will vary among the different brands and formulations. Check the product label for your formulation and strength of paracetamol for the list of inactive ingredients.

Zentiva paracetamol capsules: maize starch and magnesium stearate. The capsule is made of gelatine and sodium lauryl sulfate coloured with titanium dioxide (E171), erythrosine (E127), yellow iron oxide (E172) and indigo carmine (E132). The ink used to print on the capsules contains shellac, dehydrated alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, propylene glycol, sodium hydroxide, povidone and titanium dioxide.

Panadol original tablets: maize starch, potassium sorbate (E 202), purified talc, stearic acid, povidone, starch pregelatinised, hypromellose, triacetin and carnauba wax.

Effervescent tablets: anhydrous citric acid, Sodium hydrogen carbonate, Sorbitol E420, Sodium carbonate anhydrous, Povidone K25 (E1201), Simethicone, Saccharin sodium, Lemon flavour (containing maize maltodextrin, acacia gum (E 414), alpha-tocopherol (E 307), Macrogol 6000

Accord intravenous (IV) infusion: cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate, disodium phosphate dihydrate, hydrochloric acid (1M) (for pH-adjustment), sodium hydroxide (1M) (for pH-adjustment), mannitol, water for injections.

Calpol SixPlus Fastmelts orally disintegrating tablets: mannitol (E421), crospovidone, aspartame (E951), magnesium stearate, basic butylated methacrylate copolymer, polyacrylate dispersion 30% and colloidal anhydrous silica. The flavoring is strawberry (containing benzyl alcohol and glucose).

Boots Cold & Flu Relief Powders – Lemon flavor: sucrose, sodium citrate, citric acid, tartaric acid, sodium cyclamate, ascorbic acid, starch, natural colour (E100), spray dried lemon juice, lemon aroma

Calpol 120 mg/5 ml infant oral suspension: sucrose, sorbitol liquid (E420), glycerol, polysorbate 80, asulfame potassium, methyl parahydroxybenzoate (E218), propyl parahydroxybenzoate (E216), ethyl parahydroxybenzoate (E214), microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium, xanthan gum and purified water. The flavoring is strawberry (containing propylene glycol (E1520)) and coloring is carmoisine (E122). Each 5 ml of this product contains 2.2 g of sucrose.

Alvedon paracetamol suppositories: hard fat (Witepsol H12)

Panadol is marketed by GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare (UK) Trading Limited, Brentford, TW8 9GS, U.K. Calpol is marketed by McNeil Products Limited, 50-100 Holmers Farm Way, High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, HP12 4EG, UK. Alvedon is marketed by Intrapharm Laboratories Ltd, The Courtyard Barns, Choke Lane, Maidenhead, Berkshire, SL6 6PT, UK.

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Acetaminophen https://drugonomy.com/2025/08/26/acetaminophen/ https://drugonomy.com/2025/08/26/acetaminophen/#respond Tue, 26 Aug 2025 21:35:40 +0000 https://medicine-21.com/Drugs/?p=2469 Pronunciation: a-SEET-a-MIN-oh-fen
Generic name: acetaminophen (oral)
Brand names: Actamin, Anacin AF, Aurophen, Bromo Seltzer, Children’s Tylenol,
Dosage forms: oral capsule (325 mg; 500 mg), oral granule, effervescent (650 mg), oral liquid (160 mg/5 mL; 325 mg/10.15 mL; 500 mg/15 mL; 650 mg/20.3 mL), 
Drug class: Miscellaneous analgesics 

What is acetaminophen?

Acetaminophen is a pain reliever and a fever reducer.

Acetaminophen is used to treat mild to moderate pain, moderate to severe pain in conjunction with opiates, or to reduce fever. Common conditions treated include headache, muscle aches, arthritis, backache, toothaches, sore throat, colds, flu, and fevers.

Acetaminophen is also available in many over-the-counter combination medications with other drugs, including Actifed, Alka-Seltzer Plus Liquid Gels, Cepacol, Contac, Coridicin, Dayquil, Dimetapp, Dristan, Excedrin, Feverall, Liquiprin, Midol, Nyquil, Panadol, Robitussin Singlet, Sinutab, Sudafed, Theraflu, Triaminic, Vanquish, Vicks, and Zicam.

Acetaminophen is also found in many prescription combination drugs, including Butalbital, Endocet, Fioricet, Hycotab, Hydrocet, Hydrocodone bitartrate, Lortab, Percocet, Phenaphen, Sedapap, Tapanol, Tylenol with codeine, Tylox, Ultracet, Vicodin, and Zydone.

Acetaminophen is typically used orally, but can be given intravenously.

Acetaminophen side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction to acetaminophen: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

In rare cases, acetaminophen may cause a severe skin reaction that can be fatal, even if you took acetaminophen in the past and had no reaction. Stop taking this medicine and call your doctor right away if you have skin redness or a rash that spreads and causes blistering and peeling.

Stop taking acetaminophen and call your doctor at once if you have signs of liver problems:

  • stomach pain (upper right side);
  • loss of appetite;
  • tiredness, itching;
  • dark urine, clay-colored stools; or
  • jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).

Less serious acetaminophen side effects may be more likely, and you may have none at all.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA .

Acetaminophen side effects (more detail)

Before taking this medicine

You should not take acetaminophen if you are allergic to it, or if you take other medications that contain acetaminophen.

Ask a doctor or pharmacist if this medicine is safe to use if you’ve ever had cirrhosis of the liver, or if you drink alcohol daily.

Ask a doctor before using this medicine if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Acetaminophen pregnancy and breastfeeding warnings (more detail)

How should I take acetaminophen?

Take acetaminophen exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. An overdose can damage your liver or cause death.

Acetaminophen comes in many different forms such as capsules, liquid, chewable or disintegrating tablets, and dissolving powders or granules. Read and carefully follow any Instructions for Use provided with your medicine. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you need help.

  • Adults and teenagers at least 12 years old: Do not take more than 1000 milligrams (mg) at one time or more than 4000 mg in 24 hours.
  • Children younger than 12 years old: Do not take more than 5 doses of children’s formula acetaminophen in 24 hours.

Do not give extra-strength acetaminophen to a child younger than 12 years old without medical advice.

A child’s dose is based on age and weight. Carefully follow the dosing instructions provided with acetaminophen. Ask a doctor before giving this medicine to a child younger than 2 years.

Acetaminophen made for infants comes with its own medicine dropper or oral syringe. Measuring with the wrong device may cause an overdose. Use only the provided dosing device provided to measure an infant’s dose.

Liquid acetaminophen made for infants comes with its own medicine dropper or oral syringe. Measuring with the wrong device may cause an overdose. Use only the provided dosing device provided to measure an infant’s dose.

Acetaminophen made for infants is available in two different dose concentrations, and each concentration comes with its own medicine dropper or oral syringe. These dosing devices are not equal between the different concentrations. Using the wrong device may cause you to give your child an overdose of acetaminophen. Never mix and match dosing devices between infant formulations of acetaminophen.

You may need to shake the liquid before each use. Follow the directions on the medicine label.

The chewable tablet must be chewed thoroughly before you swallow it.

Make sure your hands are dry when handling the acetaminophen disintegrating tablet. Place the tablet on your tongue. It will begin to dissolve right away. Do not swallow the tablet whole. Allow it to dissolve in your mouth without chewing.

To use the acetaminophen effervescent granules, dissolve one packet of the granules in at least 4 ounces of water. Stir this mixture and drink all of it right away. To make sure you get the entire dose, add a little more water to the same glass, swirl gently and drink right away.

The oral powder should be placed directly on the tongue and swallowed.

Stop taking this medicine and call your doctor if:

  • you still have a sore throat after 2 days of use;
  • you still have a fever after 3 days of use;
  • you still have pain after 7 days of use (or 5 days if treating a child);
  • you have a skin rash, ongoing headache, nausea, vomiting, redness or swelling; or
  • your symptoms get worse, or if you have any new symptoms.

Taking acetaminophen may cause false results with certain blood glucose monitors. If you have diabetes, ask your doctor about the best way to monitor your blood sugar levels while using this medicine.

Store at room temperature away from heat and moisture.

Detailed Acetaminophen dosage information

What happens if I miss a dose?

Since acetaminophen is taken as needed, you may not be on a dosing schedule. If you are taking the medication regularly, take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention

The first signs of an acetaminophen overdose include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, sweating, and confusion or weakness. Later symptoms may include pain in your upper stomach, dark urine, and yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes.

What should I avoid while taking acetaminophen?

Ask a doctor or pharmacist before using any other cold, allergy, pain, or sleep medication. Acetaminophen (sometimes abbreviated as APAP) is contained in many combination medicines. Taking certain products together can cause you to get too much acetaminophen which can lead to a fatal overdose. Check the label to see if a medicine contains acetaminophen or APAP.

Avoid drinking alcohol. It may increase your risk of liver damage while taking acetaminophen.

Avoid using other medicines that may contain acetaminophen.

Avoid drinking alcohol.

Warnings

You should not use this medication if you have severe liver disease.

An overdose of acetaminophen can damage your liver or cause death.

  • Adults and teenagers who weigh at least 110 pounds should not take more than 1000 milligrams (mg) at one time, or more than 4000 mg in 24 hours.
  • Children younger than 12 years old should not take more than 5 doses in 24 hours, using only the number of milligrams per dose that is recommended for the child’s weight and age. Use exactly as directed on the label.

Avoid also using other medicines that contain acetaminophen (sometimes abbreviated as APAP), or you could have a fatal overdose.

Call your doctor at once if you have nausea, pain in your upper stomach, itching, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, or jaundice (yellowing of your skin or eyes).

Stop taking this medicine and call your doctor right away if you have skin redness or a rash that spreads and causes blistering and peeling.

What other drugs will affect acetaminophen?

Other drugs may interact with acetaminophen, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Tell your doctor about all other medicines you use.

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